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Anemia

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Anemia

What is Anemia?

Anemia is a reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) or hematocrit (HCT) or RBC count. It is a presentation of an underlying condition and can be subdivided into macrocytic, microcytic, or normocytic. Patients with anemia typically present with vague symptoms such as lethargy, weakness, and tiredness.

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  • Headaches
  • Irritability.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Problems concentrating or thinking.
  • Numbness and tingling of hands and feet.
  • Feeling weak or tired more often than usual, or with exercise.
  • Fatigue
  • Dyspnea
  • Tachycardia
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Sore tongue
  • Acute chest syndrome
  • Frequent infections
  • Pale skin
  • Iron deficiency.
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Folate deficiency.
  • Certain medicines.
  • Destruction of red blood cells earlier than normal (which may be caused by immune system problems).
  • Long-term (chronic) diseases such as chronic kidney disease, cancer, ulcerative colitis, or rheumatoid arthritis.

A history of certain infections, blood diseases and autoimmune conditions increases the risk of anemia. Drinking too much alcohol, being around toxic chemicals, and taking some medicines can affect the making of red blood cells and lead to anemia. Age. People over age 65 are at increased risk of anemia.

eat iron-rich foods, including lean red meats, fish and poultry, legumes (e.g. lentils and beans), fortified cereals and dark green leafy vegetables; eat foods rich in vitamin C (such as fruits and vegetables) which help the body absorb iron; and

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

Patients can be treated orally or intravenously, depending on the cause of anemia.

Iron supplements can be used for iron deficiency. Vitamin B supplements may be used for low vitamin levels. Blood transfusions can be used for blood loss. Medication to induce blood formation may be used if the body’s blood production is reduced.

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How is it treated?

Treatment for Anemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

If symptoms become severe, treatment might include getting blood, called a transfusion, or shots of a hormone called erythropoietin. Anemias associated with bone marrow disease. Treatment of these various diseases can include medicines, chemotherapy or getting bone marrow from a donor, called a transplant

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