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PCOS

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Acute

What is PCOS?

PCOS occurs when an imbalance Trusted Source of reproductive hormones may cause problems in the ovaries.

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Symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome can differ from person to person. Symptoms may change over time and often occur without a clear trigger.

Possible symptoms include:

  • heavy, long, intermittent, unpredictable or absent periods
  • infertility
  • acne or oily skin
  • excessive hair on the face or body
  • male-pattern baldness or hair thinning
  • weight gain, especially around the belly.

People with PCOS are more likely to have other health conditions including:

  • type 2 diabetes
  • hypertension (high blood pressure)
  • high cholesterol
  • heart disease
  • endometrial cancer (cancer of the inner lining of the uterus).

PCOS can also cause anxiety, depression and a negative body image. Some symptoms such as infertility, obesity and unwanted hair growth can lead to social stigma. This can affect other life areas such as family, relationships, work and involvement in the community.

What are the complications of PCOS? Women with PCOS are more likely to develop certain serious health problems. These include type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, problems with the heart and blood vessels, and uterine cancer. Women with PCOS often have problems with their ability to get pregnant (fertility).

  • Insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone that the pancreas makes. ...
  • Low-grade inflammation. White blood cells make substances in response to infection or injury. ...
  • Heredity. Research suggests that certain genes might be linked to PCOS . ...
  • Excess androgen. With PCOS , the ovaries may produce high levels of androgen.
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects an estimated 8–13% of reproductive-aged women.
  • Up to 70% of affected women remain undiagnosed worldwide.
  • PCOS is the commonest cause of anovulation and a leading cause of infertility.
  • PCOS is associated with a variety of long-term health problems that affect physical and emotional wellbeing.
  • PCOS runs in families, but there are ethnic variations in how PCOS manifests itself and how it affects people.
  • Stay at a healthy weight. Weight loss can lower insulin and androgen levels. It also may restore ovulation.
  • Limit carbohydrates. High-carbohydrate diets might make insulin levels go higher.
  • Be active. Exercise helps lower blood sugar levels.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

There is no cure for PCOS, but treatments can improve symptoms.

People who have irregular periods, trouble getting pregnant or excessive acne and hair growth should speak to a healthcare professional.

Some symptoms of PCOS can be reduced through lifestyle changes. Eating a healthy diet and getting enough exercise can help reduce weight and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Birth control medicines (contraceptive pill) can help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce symptoms. Other medicines can reduce acne or unwanted hair growth caused by PCOS.

Treatments for infertility due to PCOS include lifestyle changes, medicines or surgery to stimulate regular ovulation. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) may be used but it has some risks.

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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

Under general anaesthetic, your doctor will make a small cut in your lower tummy and pass a long, thin microscope called a laparoscope through into your abdomen. The ovaries will then be surgically treated using heat or a laser to destroy the tissue that's producing androgens (male hormones).

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