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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

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Acute

What is Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease which affects premature infants. Premature infants who require treatment with supplemental oxygen or require long-term oxygen are at a higher risk. The alveoli that are present tend to not be mature enough to function normally.

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  • Rapid breathing.
  • Difficulty feeding.
  • Wheezing (a soft whistling sound as the baby breathes out)
  • Labored breathing (drawing in of the lower chest while breathing in)
  • The need for continued oxygen therapy after the gestational age of 36 weeks.
  • Poor growth.
  • Developmental problems.
  • In severe cases, lung transplantation might be needed.
  • Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs)
  • Long-term lung and breathing problems such as scarring or bronchiectasis.
  • Infections, such as sepsis.
  • Premature delivery, which raises the risk of respiratory distress syndrome.
  • Long-term treatment for breathing issues such as mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen, which can damage the lungs.
  • Vitamin A.
  • Caffeine.
  • Mechanical ventilation.
  • Postnatal steroids.
  • Patent ductus arteriosus.
  • Supplemental oxygen.
  • Sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response.
  • Respiratory patterns. Describing the early respiratory patterns of ELGANs may provide insight into early risk factors for BPD.

Obstetric Practices/Prevention of Prematurity The most effective intervention to decrease BPD is to prevent or decrease premature deliveries.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
  • Diuretics: This class of drugs helps to decrease the amount of fluid in and around the alveoli.
  • Bronchodilators: These medications help relax the muscles around the air passages, which makes breathing easier by widening the airway openings
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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

Treatment of BPD is supportive and includes nutritional supplementation, fluid restriction, diuretics, and perhaps inhaled bronchodilators and, as a last resort, inhaled corticosteroids. Respiratory infections must be diagnosed early and treated aggressively.

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