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Carotid Artery Disease

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Acute

What is Carotid Artery Disease?

Carotid artery disease results from a blockage or narrowing of the carotid arteries. This narrowing is also called carotid artery stenosis. The carotid arteries are major blood vessels that provide your brain's blood supply. You have two carotid arteries, one on either side of your neck.

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  • Confusion.
  • Memory loss.
  • Blurred vision or vision loss.
  • Problems with thinking, reasoning, memory and speech.
  • Numbness or weakness in part of your body or one side of your body.

Carotid artery disease causes about 10% to 15% of strokes. A stroke is a medical emergency that can cause brain damage, muscle weakness and possibly death. Carotid artery disease can lead to stroke through:

  • Reduced blood flow. A carotid artery might get so narrow because of atherosclerosis that not enough blood reaches parts of the brain.
  • Ruptured plaques. A piece of a plaque can break off and travel to smaller arteries in the brain. The piece of plaque can get stuck in one of these smaller arteries. This blockage cuts off blood supply to part of the brain.
  • Blood clot blockage. Some plaques are prone to cracking and forming irregular surfaces on the artery wall. The body reacts as it does to an injury. It sends blood cells that help the clotting process to the area. The result can be a large clot that blocks or slows blood flow to the brain, causing a stroke.
  • Diabetes mellitus.
  • Family history of stroke.
  • Trauma to your neck.
  • Older age, especially if you are male.
  • Smoking or using alcohol or recreational drugs.
  • High blood pressure, high cholesterol or high triglycerides.

Eating a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet that is high in vegetables, lean meats, fruits, and high fiber is one way to reduce the risk of carotid disease. Exercise, quitting smoking, blood pressure control, and medicine can also help.

  • Diabetes mellitus.
  • Family history of stroke.
  • Trauma to your neck.
  • Older age, especially if you are male.
  • Smoking or using alcohol or recreational drugs.
  • High blood pressure, high cholesterol or high triglycerides.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
  • Carotid endarterectomy. This is the most common treatment for severe carotid artery disease.
  • Carotid angioplasty and stenting. This treatment is for blockages too hard to reach with carotid endarterectomy or for people who have other health conditions that make surgery too risky.
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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

During a carotid endarterectomy, your healthcare provider will surgically remove plaque that builds up inside the carotid artery. He or she will make a cut (incision) on the side of the neck over the affected carotid artery. The artery is opened and the plaque removed.

 

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