Cholera

What is Cholera?

Microbiology. Cholera is caused by infection with toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae, gram-negative, motile, curved, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Vibrionaceae. Of the 200 recognized O serogroups, only two serogroups, O1 and O139, have been associated with severe disease and pandemics.

Symptoms

There are a number of symptoms of Cholera, which may include

Profuse watery diarrhea, sometimes described as “rice-water stools”
Vomiting
Thirst
Leg cramps
Restlessness or irritability

Complications

People with severe cholera can develop severe dehydration, which can lead to kidney failure. If left untreated, severe dehydration can lead to shock, coma, and death within hours. Person washing hands over a bucket of water.

Causes

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. People can get sick when they swallow food or water contaminated with cholera bacteria. The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but can sometimes be severe and life-threatening.

Prevention

Be sure you drink and use safe water. Use bottled water to brush your teeth, wash and prepare food, and make ice or beverages
Wash your hands often with soap and safe water. Before, during, and after preparing food
Use toilets
Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it
Clean up safely

Risk Factors

Poor sanitary conditions. Cholera is more likely to flourish in situations where a sanitary environment — including a safe water supply — is difficult to maintain.
Reduced or nonexistent stomach acid
Household exposure
Type O blood
Raw or undercooked shellfish

How is it diagnosed?

Oral or intravenous hydration is the primary treatment for cholera. In conjunction with hydration, treatment with antibiotics is recommended for severely ill patients. It is also recommended for patients who have severe or some dehydration and continue to pass a large volume of stool during rehydration treatment.

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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

Most people with cholera can be helped by oral rehydration alone, but severely dehydrated people might also need intravenous fluids. Antibiotics. While not a necessary part of cholera treatment, some antibiotics can reduce cholera-related diarrhea and shorten how long it lasts in severely ill people.

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