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Chronic Rhinosinusitis

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Acute

What is Chronic Rhinosinusitis?

(See "Microbiology and antibiotic management of chronic rhinosinusitis".) CRS is defined as an inflammatory condition involving the paranasal sinuses and linings of the nasal passages that lasts 12 weeks or longer [1,6]. The diagnosis requires objective evidence of mucosal inflammation.

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Worsening of symptoms may involve sudden nasal congestion, pain and pressure in the sinuses, runny nose, red/watery eyes, wheezing, chest tightness, and cough. These reactions can be severe and even life threatening.

  • Laryngitis.
  • Dacryocystitis.
  • Orbital cellulitis/abscess.
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis.
  • Meningitis, subdural abscess, brain abscess.
  • Frontal bone osteomyelitis.

Exposure to tobacco smoke or airborne irritants – Exposure to cigarette smoke or certain environmental irritants can increase the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis. Immune system disorders – Most people with chronic rhinosinusitis have normal immune systems.

Allergies that are poorly controlled can worsen the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. (See "Patient education: Allergic rhinitis (Beyond the Basics)".) Exposure to tobacco smoke or airborne irritants – Exposure to cigarette smoke or certain environmental irritants can increase the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Primary prevention of CRS focuses on the avoidance of exposure to environmental factors associated with increased incidence of disease. This includes avoidance of tobacco smoke and occupational toxins.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
  • Nasal corticosteroids. These nasal sprays help prevent and treat swelling.
  • Saline nasal rinses.
  • Corticosteroids shots or pills.
  • Allergy medicines.
  • Aspirin desensitization treatment.
  • Medicine to treat nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis.
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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

Sinus surgery using a nasal endoscope is the most commonly recommended procedure for people with chronic sinusitis. The surgeon uses the same type of thin endoscope used during the diagnostic exam. This procedure requires no visible incisions, is performed under general anesthesia.

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