Colorectal Cancer (Surgical Oncology)

Acute

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer almost always develops from growths called colorectal polyps that form in the lining of the colon. But by no means do all polyps become cancerous – and if a polyp does become cancerous, it takes many years.

  • Fatigue.
  • Weight loss for no known reason.
  • Blood (either bright red or very dark) in the stool.
  • Frequent gas pains, bloating, fullness, or cramps.
  • A change in bowel habits that lasts more than a few days, such as:
    • Diarrhea.
    • Constipation.
  • Fever
  • Diarrhea
  • Narrow stool
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Abdominal pain
  • Constipation
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Cancer returning in the colon
  • Alternating constipation and diarrhea
  • Smoking.
  • Alcohol use.
  • Being older.
  • Being overweight or obese.
  • Not being physically active.
  • Certain types of diets.
  • A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease.
  • A personal history of colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer.

Some studies suggest that people may reduce their risk of developing colorectal cancer by increasing physical activity, keeping a healthy weight, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding tobacco.

You may be at risk for developing Colorectal Cancer if you:

  • Smoking.
  • Alcohol use.
  • Being older.
  • Being overweight or obese.
  • Not being physically active.
  • Certain types of diets.
  • A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease.
  • A personal history of colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer.

How is it treated?

  • Cryosurgery.
  • Chemotherapy.
  • Targeted therapy.
  • Immunotherapy.
  • Radiofrequency ablation.
  • Surgery. Surgery (removing the cancer in an operation) is the most common treatment for all stages of colon cancer.

Surgery is the removal of the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue during an operation. It is often called surgical resection. This is the most common treatment for colorectal cancer. Part of the healthy colon or rectum and nearby lymph nodes will also be removed.

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