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Diphtheria

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diphtheria

What is Diphtheria?

Diphtheria is a serious infection caused by strains of bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheriae that make toxin. It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart rhythm problems, and even death. CDC recommends vaccines for infants, children, teens, and adults to prevent diphtheria.

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  • A thick, gray membrane covering the throat and tonsils.
  • A sore throat and hoarseness.
  • Swollen glands (enlarged lymph nodes) in the neck.
  • Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing.
  • Nasal discharge.
  • Fever and chills.
  • Tiredness.

Most complications of respiratory diphtheria, including death, are attributable to effects of the toxin. The most frequent complications of respiratory diphtheria are myocarditis and neuritis. Other complications include otitis media and respiratory insufficiency due to airway obstruction, especially in infants.

Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The bacterium usually multiplies on or near the surface of the throat or skin. C. diphtheriae spreads through: Airborne droplets.

The best prevention against diphtheria is immunisation. People who are caring for someone with diphtheria should practise strict hygiene – for example, wash hands frequently, particularly before handling, preparing or eating food – and get a booster vaccination. All contacts should also receive a course of antibiotics.

Because of widespread vaccination (immunization) of children, diphtheria is now rare in many parts of the world. Risk factors for diphtheria include crowded environments, poor hygiene, and lack of immunization.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?
  • Using diphtheria antitoxin to stop the bacteria toxin from damaging the body. This treatment is very important for respiratory diphtheria infections, but it is rarely used for diphtheria skin infections.
  • Using antibiotics to kill and get rid of the bacteria.
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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

  • Using diphtheria antitoxin to stop the bacteria toxin from damaging the body. This treatment is very important for respiratory diphtheria infections, but it is rarely used for diphtheria skin infections.
  • Using antibiotics to kill and get rid of the bacteria.

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