Gastric Cancer (Stomach Cancer) (Surgical Oncology)

Acute

What is Gastric Cancer?

Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, begins when healthy cells in the stomach become abnormal and grow out of control, forming a mass called a tumor. A tumor can be cancerous or benign. A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow and spread to other parts of the body.

  • Nausea and/or vomiting.
  • Swelling of the abdomen.
  • Blood in vomit.
  • Heartburn or indigestion (dyspepsia)
  • Unexplained tiredness or weakness.
  • Loss of appetite and/or weight loss.
  • A painful or burning sensation in the abdomen.
  • A sense of fullness, even after a small meal.

Cancer in the stomach can lead to ascites, causing fluid build-up in the abdomen, leading to the patient feeling pressure on their abdomen and shortness of breath. Metastases are also a complication of advanced gastric cancer. Common sites for gastric cancer metastases include the lungs, liver, or bones.

  • Smoking tobacco.
  • Being aged over 60.
  • Alcohol consumption.
  • Being overweight or obese.
  • Pernicious anemia (low red blood cells).
  • Infection with the bacteria Helicobacter pylori.
  • A diet high in smoked, pickled and salted foods and low in fresh fruit and vegetables.

Diet. Based on fair evidence, excessive salt intake and deficient dietary consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Dietary intake of vitamin C contained in vegetables, fruits, and other foods of plant origin is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer.

The important risk factors of the causes of gastric cancer are H. pylori, obesity, smoking, red meat, alcohol, and low socioeconomic status (22).

How is it treated?

Some stage 1 cancers may need surgery to remove all of or some of the stomach. For stage 2 and stage 3 stomach cancers, surgery might not be the first treatment. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy might be used first to shrink the cancer. This might make it easier to remove the cancer completely.

  • Partial gastrectomy: This procedure removes part of the stomach. Doctors typically remove lymph nodes and fatty tissue as well to help ensure all the cancer is gone.
  • Total gastrectomy: Doctors remove the entire stomach, surrounding lymph nodes and fatty tissue.

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