Gynaecologic Cancers (Surgical Oncology)

Acute

What is Gynaecologic Cancers?

Gynecologic cancer is any cancer that starts in a woman's reproductive organs. Five main types of cancer affect a woman's reproductive organs are cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal and vulvar. As a group, they are referred to as gynecologic cancer.

“There are many signs of gynecologic cancer that women can observe: abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain and bloating, to name a few,” says Stone. “Unfortunately, though, these can often be symptoms of other, more benign conditions, so it's important not to be alarmed.

If the cancer spreads into your vagina, bowel or bladder, it can cause significant damage. This can result in bleeding. Bleeding can occur in your vagina or back passage (rectum), or you may pass blood when you pee. Minor bleeding can often be treated using medication.

  • Obesity
  • Age
  • Diabetes
  • HPV infection
  • Ovarian tumors
  • Prior pelvic radiation therapy
  • Smoking
  • Diet and exercise
  • Estrogen therapy

The HPV vaccine can help prevent cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Cervical cancer is the only gynecologic cancer that has recommended screening tests. The Pap test (or Pap smear) and HPV test can help prevent cervical cancer or find it early.

  • Obesity.
  • Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure.
  • Genetic mutations, including BRCA1 and others.
  • Any cancer diagnosis, including patients in remission.
  • Family history of breast, ovarian, uterine, or colon cancer.

How is it treated?

Treatments may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Women with a gynecologic cancer often get more than one kind of treatment. Surgery: Doctors remove cancer tissue in an operation. Chemotherapy: Using special medicines to shrink or kill the cancer.

  • Surgery: Doctors remove cancer tissue in an operation.
  • Chemotherapy: Using special medicines to shrink or kill the cancer.
  • Radiation: Using high-energy rays (similar to X-rays) to kill the cancer.

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