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Infectious Mononucleosis

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Acute

What is Infectious Mononucleosis?

Infectious mononucleosis (mono) is often called the kissing disease. The virus that causes mono (Epstein-Barr virus) is spread through saliva. You can get it through kissing, but you can also be exposed by sharing a glass or food utensils with someone who has mono.

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  • Fatigue.
  • Sore throat, perhaps misdiagnosed as strep throat, that doesn't get better after treatment with antibiotics.
  • Fever.
  • Swollen lymph nodes in your neck and armpits.
  • Swollen tonsils.
  • Headache.
  • Skin rash.
  • Soft, swollen spleen.
  • Ruptured spleen.
  • Kidney inflammation.
  • Hemolytic anemia.
  • Nervous system problems, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and other conditions.
  • Inflammation of the heart muscle.
  • Heart rhythm problems.
  • Obstruction of the upper airways.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but other viruses can also cause this disease. It is common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students. At least one out of four teenagers and young adults who get infected with EBV will develop infectious mononucleosis.

Mononucleosis is spread through saliva. If you're infected, you can help prevent spreading the virus to others by not kissing them and by not sharing food, dishes, glasses and utensils until several days after your fever has improved — and even longer, if possible.

Though it is mostly dormant, it can be activated in some people and become contagious, spreading through saliva or mucus from: Coughing or sneezing. Sharing food, drinks or utensils. Kissing.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

Mononucleosis usually lasts for 1 to 2 months. Symptoms may include fever, swollen lymph glands in the neck, armpits, and groin, constant fatigue, sore throat, enlarged spleen, and jaundice, a yellow discoloration of the skin. Treatment includes rest and plenty of liquids.

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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

There's no specific therapy available to treat infectious mononucleosis. Antibiotics don't work against viral infections such as mono. Treatment mainly involves taking care of yourself, such as getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet and drinking plenty of fluids.

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