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Multiple Myeloma

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Acute

What is Multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is a cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell. Healthy plasma cells help fight infections by making proteins called antibodies. Antibodies find and attack germs. In multiple myeloma, cancerous plasma cells build up in bone marrow

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  • Tiredness.
  • Infections.
  • Weight loss.
  • Nausea.
  • Constipation.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Mental fogginess or confusion.
  • Bone pain, especially in the spine, chest or hips.

Complications of multiple myeloma include renal insufficiency, hematologic complications (anemia, bone marrow failure, bleeding disorders), infections, bone complications (pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, hyercalcemia), and neurologic complications (spinal cord and nerve root compression, intracranial

The exact cause of multiple myeloma is not known and no avoidable risk factors have been found. However, certain things appear to make you more likely to develop the disease. Gender: Men are slightly more likely to develop myeloma. Race: Black people are twice as likely to develop myeloma than white people.

  • Sex.
  • Personal history.
  • Exposure to radiation or chemicals.
  • Age. Myeloma occurs most commonly in people over 60.
  • Race. Myeloma occurs twice as frequently in Black people than in White people.
  • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).

How to Prevent Multiple Myeloma. With multiple myeloma, there are no risk factors you can avoid to prevent the disease. There is no known way to prevent the disease in those who have other plasma cell diseases.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

Different combinations of therapy may be used depending on the stage of the cancer

Treatments include targeted therapies, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, radiation, or autologous stem-cell transplant.

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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

  • Immunotherapy.
  • CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Chemotherapy.
  • Corticosteroids.
  • Bone marrow transplant.
  • Radiation therapy.
  • Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells.
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