Ovarian Cysts(Reproductive Medicine)

ovarian-cysts-reproductive

What is Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled structures that may be simple or complex. They are common findings usually discovered incidentally on physical examination or imaging. Ovarian cysts can cause complications, including rupture, hemorrhage, and torsion, which are considered gynecological emergencies

  • Pelvic pain – this can range from a dull, heavy sensation to a sudden, severe and sharp pain
  • Pain during sex
  • Difficulty emptying your bowels
  • A frequent need to urinate
  • Heavy periods, irregular periods or lighter periods than normal
  • Bloating and a swollen tummy

Ovarian cysts can cause complications, including rupture, hemorrhage, and torsion, which are considered gynecological emergencies. Therefore, it is essential to promptly diagnose and treat them to avoid high morbidity and mortality.

The follicle contains fluid that protects the egg as it grows, and it bursts when the egg is released. But sometimes a follicle does not release an egg, or does not discharge its fluid and shrink after the egg is released. If this happens, the follicle can swell and become a cyst.

Some types of ovarian cysts are more likely to recur than others. These include endometriomas and functional ovarian cysts. If you still have monthly periods and are concerned about recurrent cysts, taking birth control pills or another hormonal form of birth control may help to prevent ovarian cysts from developing

The risk of having an ovarian cyst is higher with: Hormonal problems. These include taking a fertility drug that causes you to ovulate, for example clomiphene or letrozole (Femara). Pregnancy

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

Large or persistent ovarian cysts, or cysts that are causing symptoms, usually need to be surgically removed. Surgery is also normally recommended if there are concerns that the cyst could be cancerous or could become cancerous. There are 2 types of surgery used to remove ovarian cysts: a laparoscopy.

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