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Persistent Fetal Circulation

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Acute

What is Persistent Fetal Circulation?

Persistent fetal circulation is a condition caused by a failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation to convert from the antenatal circulation pattern to the "normal" pattern. Infants experience a high mean arterial pulmonary artery pressure and a high afterload at the right ventricle

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Other clinical signs that may signify PPHN are respiratory distress, partial pressure of oxygen greater than 100 mg and elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

In the most severe form, infants experience severe hypoxemia resulting in cardiac and pulmonary complications. As a result of low oxygen levels, infants with PPHN are at an increased risk of developing complications, such as asphyxia, chronic lung disease, neurodevelopment issues, and death.

It can occur with pulmonary parenchymal diseases including sepsis, meconium aspiration, pneumonia, maladaptation of the pulmonary vascular bed, or without an apparent cause. Persistent PH in newborns may lead to death during the neonatal period, or it may be transient, leading to spontaneous and complete recovery.

To help with diagnosis, the clinician can watch out for predisposing factors, such as: birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration, use of NSAIDs (non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) by the mother, and early onset sepsis or pneumonia.

Surfactant, besides its use in premature babies with hyaline membrane disease, is believed to improve lung function in term babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (41), meconium aspiration syndrome (42) and bacterial pneumonia (43). Thus, early treatment with surfactant prevents the development of PFC.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) therapy is used in cases of severe PFC where all other modes of therapy have failed. It is a modified form of cardiopulmonary bypass and is used in situations such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia and meconium aspiration syndrome in which the lungs need a 'rest' for recovery.

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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

It is a noninvasive method that can rule out the presence of congenital heart disease. It accurately determines both the pressure and velocity of blood flow in major vessels of fetuses and newborns, including the direction of blood flow through the ductus and the foramen ovale.

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