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Polio (Polio Myelitis)

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Acute

What is Polio (Polio Myelitis)?

Polio (poliomyelitis) mainly affects children under 5 years of age. One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis. Among those paralysed, 5–10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized.

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Initial symptoms are fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness of the neck and pain in the limbs. One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in the legs). Among those paralysed, 5–10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized. Polio mainly affects children under 5 years of age.

The greatest complications of polio infection include paralysis with bulbar involvement, fatal respiratory, cardiovascular collapse, and PPS.

Polio is caused by the poliovirus. It mainly targets nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain stem that control muscle movement. Nerve cells controlling sensation are generally not affected

  • Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on the patient's age. Only IPV has been used in the United States since 2000.
  • Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is still used throughout much of the world.
  • Travelling to an area where polio is common or where an outbreak has recently occurred.
  • Living with or caring for someone who may be currently infected with the poliovirus.
  • Not being immunised and having contact with someone recently immunised with the oral polio vaccine.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

Of those paralysed, 5-10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized. The virus is shed by infected people (usually children) through faeces, where it can spread quickly, especially in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation systems. There is no cure for polio; it can only be prevented by immunization.

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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

  • Release of joint contractures.
  • Reestablishment of muscle balance around the joint to prevent deformities.
  • Muscle transplantation to replace a paralyzed muscle.

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