Sarcoma

Acute

What is Sarcoma?

Sarcomas are rare cancers that develop in the bones and soft tissues, including fat, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, deep skin tissues and fibrous tissues. According to the National Cancer Institute, about 12,000 cases of soft tissue sarcomas and 3,000 cases of bone sarcomas are diagnosed in the U.S. each year.

  • Pain and/or swelling in an arm or leg, the trunk, the pelvis or the back; swelling may or may not feel warm to the touch.
  • A limited range of motion in a joint.
  • A fever of unknown origin.
  • A bone that breaks from no apparent cause.
  • Bleeding.
  • Blood clots.
  • Infection
  • Damage to nerves or bloods vessels.

Inherited syndromes. A risk of soft tissue sarcoma can run in families. Genetic syndromes that increase the risk include hereditary retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis and Werner syndrome.

The only way to prevent some soft tissue sarcomas is to avoid exposure to risk factors whenever possible. Still, most sarcomas develop in people with no known risk factors. At this time, there's no known way to prevent this cancer. And for people getting radiation therapy, there's usually little choice.

  • Exposure to chemicals
  • Genetics
  • Radiotherapy
  • Lymphedema
  • Radiation exposure
  • Age
  • Inherited syndromes
  • Immune system problems
  • Exposure to human herpesvirus 8

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

In general, sarcoma treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. For example, treatment for osteosarcoma may involve nine weeks of chemotherapy, surgery to remove the tumor and rebuild the bone and another five months of chemotherapy.

How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

Small low-grade sarcomas can usually be effectively removed by surgery alone. Those that are high grade and larger than 2 inches (5 cm) are often treated with a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used before surgery to shrink the tumor and make removal easier.

 

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