Tetanus (General Medicine)

Acute

What is Tetanus?

Tetanus is an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani. When these bacteria enter the body, they produce a toxin that causes painful muscle contractions. Another name for tetanus is “lockjaw”. It often causes a person's neck and jaw muscles to lock, making it hard to open the mouth or swallow.

Symptoms

Jaw cramping.
Sudden, involuntary muscle spasms — often in the stomach.
Painful muscle stiffness all over the body.
Trouble swallowing.
Seizures (jerking or staring).
Headache.
Fever and sweating.
Changes in blood pressure and heart rate.

Complications

Airway obstruction.
Respiratory arrest.
Heart failure.
Pneumonia.
Damage to muscles.
Fractures.
Brain damage due to lack of oxygen during spasms.

Causes

Tetanus is an infection caused by a bacterium called Clostridium tetani. Spores of tetanus bacteria are everywhere in the environment, including soil, dust, and manure. The spores develop into bacteria when they enter the body

Prevention

Prevention through routine vaccination Since people cannot naturally acquire immunity to tetanus, the best way to prevent tetanus is to vaccinate your patients. CDC recommends tetanus vaccines for all infants and children, preteens and adolescents, and adults.

Risk factors

Cuts or wounds exposed to soil or manure.
A foreign body in a wound, such as a nail or splinter.
A history of immune-suppressing medical conditions.
Infected skin lesions in people living with diabetes.
An infected umbilical cord when a mother isn't fully vaccinated.

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

Evaluation and care in the hospital
Immediate treatment with medicine called human tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
Aggressive wound care
Drugs to control muscle spasms
Antibiotics
Tetanus vaccination

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How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

Immediate treatment with medicine called human tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
Aggressive wound care
Drugs to control muscle spasms
Antibiotics
Tetanus vaccination

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