Viral Hepatitis

Acute

What is Viral Hepatitis?

Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. Over time, inflammation can lead to scarring, which, in turn can lead to cirrhosis and eventually to liver failure. The most common types of hepatitis in the United States are hepatitis A, B, and C.

Symptoms of acute hepatitis can include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, light-colored stools, joint pain, and jaundice. Symptoms of chronic viral hepatitis can take decades to develop.

The most feared complication of acute viral hepatitis is liver failure. It is called fulminant hepatitis at times and necessitates an immediate liver transplant. Chronic viral hepatitis can result in cirrhosis and all of the complications associated with cirrhosis, including increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medications, and certain medical conditions can cause hepatitis. However, hepatitis is often caused by a virus. In the United States, the most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.

Frequent hand washing with soap and water can help prevent the spread of hepatitis A. The best way to prevent hepatitis A is to get vaccinated. Vaccination is recommended for all children, for travelers to certain countries, and for people at high risk for infection.

  • International travelers
  • Men who have sex with men
  • People who use or inject drugs (all those who use illegal drugs)
  • People with occupational risk for exposure
  • People who anticipate close personal contact with an international adoptee
  • People experiencing homelessness

How is it diagnosed?

How is it diagnosed?

Currently, the most effective therapy for hepatitis C is a drug combination consisting of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Pegylated interferon is taken weekly as an injection and ribavirin is a twice daily tablet. The treatment is a form of chemotherapy and the ability to tolerate it varies widely for each person.

How is it treated?

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is vital. It varies with the patient and stage of the disease. Treatment options include

  • Physical Exam. A physical exam helps identify signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis.
  • Blood Tests. Blood tests are used to look for signs that a viral infection is present and to evaluate liver function.
  • Imaging Tests
  • Liver Biopsy

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