Anaesthesia

Paediatrics

What is Anaesthesia?

In an Anesthesia department, a variety of procedures are performed to ensure patient comfort and safety during surgical and diagnostic interventions.

Here are some common procedures

  • Patient Evaluation - Comprehensive assessment of the patient’s medical history, current medications, allergies, and physical condition to formulate an individualised anaesthesia plan.
  • Risk Assessment - Identifying potential risks and complications based on the patient's health status and the planned surgical procedure.

  • Induction of Anesthesia - Administration of intravenous agents (e.g., propofol, etomidate) to induce general anaesthesia or sedation.
  • Maintenance of Anesthesia - Use of inhalational anaesthetics (e.g., sevoflurane, desflurane) or total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) to maintain anaesthesia during surgery.
  • Regional Anesthesia - Techniques such as spinal anaesthesia, epidural anaesthesia, or nerve blocks to provide pain relief while allowing the patient to remain awake or lightly sedated.
  • Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) - A combination of sedation and local anaesthesia, often used for minor surgical procedures or diagnostic tests.

  • Vital Signs Monitoring - Continuous monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and end-tidal carbon dioxide throughout the procedure.
  • Neuromuscular Monitoring - Assessing the level of muscle relaxation and ensuring proper dosing of neuromuscular blockers.

  • Emergence from Anesthesia - Monitoring the patient as they regain consciousness, ensuring airway patency and adequate respiratory function.
  • Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) Management - Observation for complications, pain management, and ensuring stable vital signs before transferring the patient to the regular recovery area.
  • Pain Management - Implementation of multimodal analgesia strategies, including medications and regional techniques, to manage postoperative pain effectively.

  • Intravenous (IV) Access - Placement of peripheral or central IV lines for medication administration, fluid management, or blood transfusions.
  • Endotracheal Intubation - Insertion of a tube into the trachea to secure the airway during general anaesthesia or in emergency situations.
  • Regional Techniques - Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia: Injections into the spinal canal or epidural space to block sensation in specific areas, commonly used in labour and certain surgeries.

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