Nephrology

Paediatrics

What is Nephrology?

In a Nephrology department, various procedures are performed to diagnose and manage kidney-related disorders.

Here are some common procedures

  • Urinalysis - A comprehensive test of urine to assess kidney function, detect infections, and evaluate metabolic conditions.
  • Blood Tests
    • Serum Creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - Evaluating kidney function and estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
    • Electrolyte Panel - Assessing levels of key electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate.
  • Imaging Studies
    • Ultrasound - Non-invasive imaging to visualise the kidneys, assess size, structure, and detect cysts or obstructions.
    • CT Scan - Detailed imaging to evaluate kidney stones, tumours, or structural abnormalities.
  • Kidney Biopsy -A procedure to obtain kidney tissue samples for histological examination to diagnose conditions like glomerulonephritis or interstitial nephritis.

  • Dialysis
    • Hemodialysis - A procedure to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood using a dialysis machine. It is performed in a clinic or at home.
    • Peritoneal Dialysis - Involves infusing a dialysis solution into the abdominal cavity to remove waste products through the peritoneal membrane.
  • Plasmapheresis - A procedure that removes harmful substances from the blood, often used in conditions like autoimmune diseases or severe kidney disorders.
  • Kidney Stone Management
    • Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) - A non-invasive procedure using shock waves to break kidney stones into smaller pieces.
    • Ureteroscopy - Using a thin tube to remove or break up stones in the urinary tract.

  • Placement of Dialysis Catheters - Inserting catheters for vascular access in patients requiring hemodialysis.
  • Arteriovenous Fistula Creation - Surgical creation of a connection between an artery and a vein to facilitate hemodialysis.

  • Medication Management - Prescribing medications for conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) to prevent progression.
  • Nutritional Counselling - Providing dietary guidelines for patients with kidney disease, including protein restrictions and managing electrolyte intake.

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revolutionary procedures

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